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Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is an American former academic and government official. As United States Deputy Secretary of Defense during the administration of President George W. Bush, he was a principal "architect" of the Iraq War.[1][2] On June 1 2005 he was appointed president of the World Bank Group, but resigned on May 17, 2007 (effective June 30, 2007), as a result of an investigation by the World Bank Group's board of executive directors, which accepted his resignation, "ending a protracted and tumultuous battle over his stewardship, sparked by a promotion he arranged for his companion."[3][4]